through the combination of a single faraday collector with the sem, the linear dynamic range of the element xr can be increased by an additional three orders of magnitude, when compared to the element2, to over 10¹². with this increase in dynamic range, through measurement in counting, analog and faraday detector modes, the maximum measurable concentration achievable with the element xr is over 1000 ?g/g (ppm). additionally, by moving higher concentration elements into higher resolutions, a further ~ 50-fold increase in measurable concentration can be achieved.

new element xr detection system
integration of faraday detector circuit

• sample times of down to 1 ms.
• no decay time required after the measurement of high intensities.
• automatic switching between sem (analog and counting detection modes) and faraday with delay times < 1ms.
• wide cross-over ranges (> 2 orders of magnitude) between different detector modes to allow for accurate, automated cross-calibration.
• automatic cross-calibration between faraday and analog signals.
• dynamic range: 5 x 107 cps – > 1 x 1012 cps (1 ms sample time).

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