變頻器矢量控制的基本原理是通過測(cè)量和控制異步電動(dòng)機(jī)定子電流矢量，根據(jù)磁場(chǎng)定向原理分別對(duì)異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的勵(lì)磁電流和轉(zhuǎn)矩電流進(jìn)行控制，從而達(dá)到控制異步電動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)矩的目的。具體是將異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的定子電流矢量分解為產(chǎn)生磁場(chǎng)的電流分量 (勵(lì)磁電流) 和產(chǎn)生轉(zhuǎn)矩的電流分量 (轉(zhuǎn)矩電流) 分別加以控制，并同時(shí)控制兩分量間的幅值和相位，即控制定子電流矢量，所以稱這種控制方式稱為矢量控制方式。矢量控制方式又有基于轉(zhuǎn)差頻率控制的矢量控制方式、無速度傳感器矢量控制方式和有速度傳感器的矢量控制方式等。

　　基于轉(zhuǎn)差頻率控制的矢量控制方式同樣是在進(jìn)行U / f ＝恒定控制的基礎(chǔ)上，通過檢測(cè)異步電動(dòng)機(jī)的實(shí)際速度n，并得到對(duì)應(yīng)的控制頻率f，然后根據(jù)希望得到的轉(zhuǎn)矩，分別控制定子電流矢量及兩個(gè)分量間的相位，對(duì)通用變頻器的輸出頻率f進(jìn)行控制的。基于轉(zhuǎn)差頻率控制的矢量控制方式的特點(diǎn)是，可以消除動(dòng)態(tài)過程中轉(zhuǎn)矩電流的波動(dòng)，從而提高了通用變頻器的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。早期的矢量控制通用變頻器基本上都是采用的基于轉(zhuǎn)差頻率控制的矢量控制方式。

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