39VIMNBN

（1） 設(shè)計(jì)與維護(hù)

　　PLC用存儲(chǔ)邏輯代替接線邏輯，大大減少了控制設(shè)備外部的接線，使控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及建造的周期大為縮短，同時(shí)日常維護(hù)也變得容易起來(lái)，更重要的是使同一設(shè)備經(jīng)過(guò)改變程序而改變生產(chǎn)過(guò)程成為可能。特別適合多品種、小批量的生產(chǎn)場(chǎng)合。

　　（2） 安裝與布線

　　動(dòng)力線、控制線以及PLC的電源線

　　電源線是用作電氣組件或設(shè)備與電源的連接線，通常來(lái)說(shuō)指電線與其一端連接的插頭或尾插的集合體，是電器產(chǎn)品的基本零部件。電源線分為電線和插頭兩部分。

       和I／O線應(yīng)分別配線，隔離變壓器與PLC和I／O之間應(yīng)采用雙絞線連接。將PLC的I／O線和大功率線分開(kāi)走線，如必須在同一線槽內(nèi)，分開(kāi)捆扎交流線、直流線，若條件允許，分槽走線，這不僅能使其有盡可能大的空間距離，并能將干擾降到限度。

　　PLC應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離強(qiáng)干擾源如電焊機(jī)、大功率硅整流裝置和大型動(dòng)力設(shè)備，不能與高壓電器安裝在同一個(gè)開(kāi)關(guān)柜內(nèi)。在柜內(nèi)PLC應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離動(dòng)力線（二者之間距離應(yīng)大于200 mm）。與PLC裝在同一個(gè)柜子內(nèi)的電感性負(fù)載，如功率較大的繼電器、接觸器的線圈，應(yīng)并聯(lián)RC消弧電路。

　　PLC的輸入與輸出采用分開(kāi)走線，開(kāi)關(guān)量與模擬量也要分開(kāi)敷設(shè)。模擬量信號(hào)的傳送應(yīng)采用屏蔽線，屏蔽層應(yīng)一端或兩端接地，接地電阻

　　電阻，物質(zhì)對(duì)電流的阻礙作用就叫該物質(zhì)的電阻。電阻小的物質(zhì)稱為電導(dǎo)體，簡(jiǎn)稱導(dǎo)體。電阻大的物質(zhì)稱為電絕緣體，簡(jiǎn)稱絕緣體。 應(yīng)小于屏蔽層電阻的1／10。

　　交流輸出線和直流輸出線不要用同一根電纜

　　電纜是一種用以傳輸電能信息和實(shí)現(xiàn)電磁能轉(zhuǎn)換的線材產(chǎn)品。既有導(dǎo)體和絕緣層，有時(shí)還加有防止水份侵入的嚴(yán)密內(nèi)護(hù)層，或還加機(jī)械強(qiáng)度大的外護(hù)層，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，截面積較大的產(chǎn)品叫做電纜。

，輸出線應(yīng)盡量遠(yuǎn)離高壓線和動(dòng)力線，避免并行。

　�。�3）I／O端的接線

　　輸入接線：輸入接線一般不要太長(zhǎng)。但如果環(huán)境干擾較小，電壓降不大時(shí)，輸入接線可適當(dāng)長(zhǎng)些；輸入／輸出線不能用同一根電纜，輸入／輸出線要分開(kāi)；盡可能采用常開(kāi)觸點(diǎn)形式連接到輸入端，使編制的梯形圖與繼電器原理圖一致，便于閱讀。

　輸出連接：輸出端接線分為獨(dú)立輸出和公共輸出。在不同組中，可采用不同類型和電壓等級(jí)的輸出電壓，但在同一組中的輸出只能用同一類型、同一電壓等級(jí)的電源。由于PLC的輸出元件被封裝在印制電路板上，并且連接至端子

　　端子通常指由銅材等沖制而成的連接器接觸件。端子是連接電氣線路的常用元件，主要在器件與組件、組件與機(jī)柜、系統(tǒng)與子系統(tǒng)之間起電連接和信號(hào)傳遞的作用，并且盡量保持系統(tǒng)與系統(tǒng)之間不發(fā)生信號(hào)失真和能量損失的變化.

板，若將連接輸出元件的負(fù)載短路，將燒毀印制電路板。采用繼電器輸出時(shí)，所承受的電感性負(fù)載的大小，會(huì)影響到繼電器的使用壽命，因此，使用電感性負(fù)載時(shí)應(yīng)合理選擇，或加隔離繼電器。PLC的輸出負(fù)載可能產(chǎn)生干擾，因此要采取措施加以控制，如直流輸出的續(xù)流管保護(hù)，交流輸出的阻容吸收電路，晶體管

　　晶體管是由三層雜質(zhì)半導(dǎo)體構(gòu)成的器件，有三個(gè)電極，所以又稱為半導(dǎo)體三極管，晶體三極管等，可以用于檢波、整流、放大、開(kāi)關(guān)、穩(wěn)壓、信號(hào)調(diào)制和許多其它功能。

　　晶閘管（Thyristor）是晶體閘流管的簡(jiǎn)稱，又可稱做可控硅整流器，以前被簡(jiǎn)稱為可控硅；1957年美國(guó)通用電器公司開(kāi)發(fā)出世界上款晶閘管產(chǎn)品，并于1958年將其商業(yè)化；晶閘管是PNPN四層半導(dǎo)體結(jié)構(gòu)，它有三個(gè)極：陽(yáng)極，陰極和門極; 晶閘管具有硅整流器件的特性，能在高電壓、大電流條件下工作，且其工作過(guò)程可以控制、被廣泛應(yīng)用于可控整流、交流調(diào)壓、無(wú)觸點(diǎn)電子開(kāi)關(guān)、逆變及變頻等電子電路中。

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